Sustainable technology of 4380

79 / 100

Sustainable technology of 4380 ?

Armstrong Fluid Technology manufactures a line of pumps with the model number 4380. While pumps themselves are not typically considered “technology”, advancements in pump design have contributed to increased sustainability. Here’s how the Armstrong 4380 series contributes to sustainability:

  • High-efficiency motors: The 4380 series utilizes high-efficiency NEMA-premium motors, reducing energy consumption and associated costs.
  • Optimized design: The vertical in-line design minimizes pipe requirements and friction losses, leading to higher system efficiency.
  • Variable speed options: The pumps are compatible with variable frequency drives (VFDs), allowing for further energy savings by adjusting pump output to match system demand.
  • Reduced material usage: The compact design of the 4380 series can require less material to manufacture compared to larger, more complex pump systems.

In conclusion, while the Armstrong 4380 is a pump and not a technology in itself, it incorporates features and design elements that contribute to sustainability by reducing energy consumption and material usage.

What is Sustainable technology of 4380 ?

Armstrong Fluid Technology is a company that manufactures pumps, and the 4380 is a model number for one of their pump series. While pumps aren’t typically considered “technology” in the same way that a computer or a smartphone is, advancements in pump design have contributed to increased sustainability. Here’s how the Armstrong 4380 series contributes to sustainability:

  • High-efficiency motors: The 4380 series utilizes high-efficiency NEMA-premium motors, reducing energy consumption and associated costs.
  • Optimized design: The vertical in-line design minimizes pipe requirements and friction losses, leading to higher system efficiency.
  • Variable speed options: The pumps are compatible with variable frequency drives (VFDs), allowing for further energy savings by adjusting pump output to match system demand.
  • Reduced material usage: The compact design of the 4380 series can require less material to manufacture compared to larger, more complex pump systems.

In conclusion, while the Armstrong 4380 is a pump and not a technology in itself, it incorporates features and design elements that contribute to sustainability by reducing energy consumption and material usage.

Who is required Sustainable technology of 4380 ?

The Armstrong 4380 pump, with its sustainable features, is required by a variety of users across different sectors. Here are some key groups who would need and benefit from this type of pump:

  • HVAC system designers and installers: Engineers and contractors designing and installing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems in buildings need efficient and reliable pumps like the 4380 to ensure optimal performance and energy savings.
  • Building owners and operators: Whether it’s a commercial building, a residential complex, or an industrial facility, owners and operators are responsible for the energy efficiency and operational costs of their buildings. The 4380 pump helps them reduce energy consumption and lower operating costs.
  • Industrial facilities: Many industrial processes rely on pumps for fluid transfer. The 4380’s robust design and high efficiency make it suitable for various industrial applications, contributing to both productivity and sustainability.
  • Municipalities and water utilities: For water distribution and wastewater management, municipalities and water utilities need reliable and energy-efficient pumps. The 4380 can be used in these applications to improve efficiency and reduce energy costs.
  • Anyone seeking sustainable solutions: In today’s world, sustainability is a priority for individuals and organizations alike. The Armstrong 4380 pump, with its focus on energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact, is a valuable tool for anyone looking to implement sustainable practices.

In essence, the Armstrong 4380 pump is required by anyone who needs a reliable, efficient, and sustainable solution for fluid transfer. Its features and benefits make it suitable for a wide range of applications and users across various sectors.

When is required Sustainable technology of 4380 ?

The need for sustainable technology like the Armstrong 4380 pump arises in various situations, both in ongoing operations and new projects. Here are some key instances where it becomes particularly crucial:

1. New Construction and Renovations:

  • Green Building Certifications: When constructing new buildings or renovating existing ones, developers often aim for green building certifications like LEED. These certifications emphasize energy efficiency and sustainable practices, making the 4380 pump a valuable asset.
  • Energy-conscious Design: In any new project, whether it’s a residential building, a commercial complex, or an industrial facility, incorporating energy-efficient equipment like the 4380 pump from the design phase itself can lead to significant long-term savings and environmental benefits.

2. Existing Systems and Upgrades:

  • Retrofitting Inefficient Systems: Many older buildings and facilities still rely on outdated pumping systems that consume excessive energy. Replacing these with more efficient pumps like the 4380 can drastically reduce energy costs and improve sustainability.
  • Expanding Capacity: When expanding an existing facility or increasing its capacity, it’s an opportune time to upgrade the pumping system with more efficient models like the 4380 to ensure optimal performance and minimize the environmental impact of the expansion.

3. When Sustainability is a Priority:

  • Corporate Social Responsibility: Organizations with strong corporate social responsibility goals often prioritize sustainable technologies like the 4380 pump to reduce their environmental footprint and demonstrate their commitment to sustainability.
  • Cost Reduction Initiatives: Energy-efficient equipment like the 4380 pump can lead to significant cost savings over time. When businesses or institutions are looking to reduce operating costs, investing in sustainable technology becomes a necessity.

4. Specific Applications:

  • HVAC Systems: In heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, pumps are essential for circulating water or other fluids. The 4380 pump’s high efficiency and variable speed capabilities make it ideal for HVAC applications, ensuring optimal comfort while minimizing energy consumption.
  • Industrial Processes: Many industrial processes rely on pumps for fluid transfer. The 4380’s robust design and efficiency make it suitable for various industrial applications, contributing to both productivity and sustainability.

In summary, the need for sustainable technology like the Armstrong 4380 pump arises whenever there is a focus on energy efficiency, cost reduction, environmental responsibility, or a combination of these factors. Whether it’s a new construction project, an upgrade to an existing system, or a specific application in HVAC or industry, the 4380 pump offers a sustainable solution for fluid transfer needs.

COURTESY : NPTEL-NOC IITM

Where is required Sustainable technology of 4380 ?

The Armstrong 4380 pump, with its sustainable design, is required in a wide range of locations where efficient and environmentally responsible fluid transfer is needed. Here are some key places where this technology is particularly valuable:

1. Buildings and Infrastructure:

  • Commercial Buildings: Office buildings, shopping malls, hotels, and other commercial spaces require efficient HVAC systems for heating and cooling. The 4380 pump can be used in these systems to circulate water or other fluids, ensuring occupant comfort while minimizing energy consumption.
  • Residential Buildings: Apartment complexes and large residential buildings also benefit from efficient pumping systems. The 4380 pump can be used for heating, cooling, and water circulation, contributing to lower energy bills and a reduced environmental footprint.
  • Industrial Facilities: Factories, manufacturing plants, and other industrial facilities often rely on pumps for various processes, including fluid transfer, cooling, and wastewater management. The 4380 pump’s robust design and efficiency make it suitable for these demanding applications.
  • Municipal and Public Infrastructure: Water treatment plants, wastewater treatment facilities, and pumping stations for water distribution all require reliable and efficient pumps. The 4380 pump can be used in these applications to improve efficiency and reduce energy costs for municipalities and water utilities.

2. Specific Applications:

  • HVAC Systems: As mentioned earlier, the 4380 pump is ideal for HVAC systems in various types of buildings. Its high efficiency and variable speed capabilities contribute to energy savings and optimal comfort.
  • Industrial Processes: Many industrial processes, such as chemical processing, food and beverage production, and manufacturing, require pumps for fluid transfer. The 4380 pump can be used in these applications to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
  • Irrigation Systems: In agriculture and landscaping, efficient pumps are needed for irrigation systems. The 4380 pump can be used to pump water for irrigation, helping to conserve water and reduce energy costs.

3. Geographies and Climates:

  • Hot Climates: In regions with hot climates, HVAC systems consume significant amounts of energy for cooling. The 4380 pump’s efficiency can help reduce energy consumption and costs associated with cooling in these areas.
  • Water-stressed Regions: In areas facing water scarcity, efficient water management is crucial. The 4380 pump can be used in water treatment and distribution systems to minimize water loss and ensure efficient use of this precious resource.

In conclusion, the Armstrong 4380 pump is required in a wide range of locations where efficient and sustainable fluid transfer is essential. Its applications span across various sectors, including buildings, infrastructure, industrial processes, and even agriculture. Its features and benefits make it a valuable asset for anyone looking to reduce energy consumption, lower operating costs, and contribute to a more sustainable future.

How is required Sustainable technology of 4380 ?

The Armstrong 4380 pump, with its focus on sustainability, is required in situations where efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental responsibility are important factors. Here’s a breakdown of how it’s required:

1. Design and Planning Phase:

  • New Construction: When designing new buildings or facilities, incorporating the 4380 pump from the initial stages allows for optimized system design and maximum efficiency. This includes considering the pump’s size, flow rate, and head requirements in relation to the overall system.
  • Renovations and Upgrades: During renovation projects, assessing the existing pumping system and identifying opportunities to replace outdated pumps with the 4380 can lead to significant energy savings and improved sustainability.

2. Procurement and Installation:

  • Specifying the Right Pump: When procuring pumps for a project, specifying the Armstrong 4380 ensures that the chosen pump meets the required performance standards while also adhering to sustainability criteria.
  • Proper Installation: Correct installation of the 4380 pump is crucial to ensure its efficient operation and longevity. This includes proper alignment, connection to piping, and electrical wiring.

3. Operation and Maintenance:

  • Optimizing Performance: Utilizing the 4380 pump’s features, such as variable speed control, allows for optimizing its performance based on actual system needs. This can further enhance energy efficiency and reduce operating costs.
  • Regular Maintenance: Implementing a regular maintenance schedule, including inspections, lubrication, and part replacements, ensures the 4380 pump continues to operate efficiently and reliably over its lifespan.

4. Sustainability Initiatives:

  • Green Building Certifications: Projects aiming for green building certifications like LEED often require the use of energy-efficient equipment. The 4380 pump can contribute to achieving these certifications.
  • Corporate Social Responsibility: Organizations committed to sustainability goals may require the use of pumps like the 4380 to reduce their environmental footprint and demonstrate their commitment to responsible practices.

5. Cost Considerations:

  • Life-cycle Cost Analysis: When evaluating different pump options, a life-cycle cost analysis that considers not just the initial purchase price but also the long-term operating costs (including energy consumption) and maintenance expenses is essential. The 4380 pump’s efficiency can lead to significant cost savings over its lifespan.

In essence, the Armstrong 4380 pump is required through a combination of thoughtful design, proper implementation, and ongoing maintenance, all driven by a commitment to sustainability and cost-effectiveness.

Case study is Sustainable technology of 4380 ?

A case study focusing on the Armstrong 4380 pump would likely highlight its positive impact on sustainability within a specific application. Here’s a potential outline and the kind of information a compelling case study would include:

Title: [Catchy Title Focusing on Sustainability and Savings – e.g., “Energy Savings Soar with Armstrong 4380 Pumps at [Facility Name]”, or “Sustainable Pumping Solutions: The Armstrong 4380 Delivers ROI and Environmental Benefits”]

1. Executive Summary: Briefly introduce the facility, the challenge they faced (e.g., high energy costs, outdated pumping system), the solution implemented (Armstrong 4380 pumps), and the key results achieved (e.g., percentage energy savings, cost reduction, improved efficiency).

2. The Challenge/Problem: Describe the specific problem the facility was experiencing. This could include:

  • High Energy Consumption: Rising energy costs associated with inefficient pumps.
  • Outdated Equipment: Aging pumps requiring frequent maintenance and exhibiting poor performance.
  • Environmental Concerns: Desire to reduce the facility’s carbon footprint and improve sustainability.
  • Performance Issues: Inadequate flow rates, pressure issues, or inconsistent performance impacting operations.

3. The Solution: Detail how the Armstrong 4380 pumps were implemented. This should include:

  • Pump Selection: Explain why the 4380 was chosen, highlighting its key features like high-efficiency motors, variable speed capabilities, and design advantages.
  • Installation Details: Describe the installation process, including any modifications required to the existing system.
  • System Integration: Explain how the 4380 pumps were integrated into the overall system (e.g., HVAC, industrial process).

4. Results and Benefits: This is the core of the case study, showcasing the positive outcomes:

  • Energy Savings: Quantify the energy savings achieved (e.g., percentage reduction in energy consumption, kWh saved annually). Include before-and-after data.
  • Cost Reduction: Translate the energy savings into actual cost savings (e.g., annual cost reduction, ROI).
  • Improved Performance: Describe any improvements in system performance, such as increased flow rates, better pressure control, or more consistent operation.
  • Environmental Impact: Quantify the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., tons of CO2e reduced annually).
  • Maintenance Savings: Discuss any reductions in maintenance costs due to the reliability and efficiency of the 4380 pumps.

5. Testimonials: Include quotes from facility managers, engineers, or other personnel involved in the project, highlighting their satisfaction with the Armstrong 4380 pumps and the results achieved.

6. Conclusion: Summarize the key findings and reiterate the benefits of using the Armstrong 4380 pumps for sustainable fluid transfer solutions.

7. Appendix (Optional): Include any supporting data, such as detailed energy consumption data, pump performance curves, or technical specifications.

Visuals are Key: A strong case study will include photos of the installation, diagrams of the system, and charts visualizing the results (e.g., energy savings, cost reduction).

By focusing on quantifiable results and real-world applications, a case study on the Armstrong 4380 pump can effectively demonstrate its value as a sustainable technology.

COURTESY : Bernard Marr

White paper on Sustainable technology of 4380 ?

A white paper on the Armstrong 4380 pump as a sustainable technology would delve into the technical details and benefits that make it an energy-efficient and environmentally responsible choice. Here’s a structured outline of what such a white paper would typically include:

Title: Sustainable Fluid Transfer Solutions: The Armstrong 4380 Pump

1. Introduction:

  • Briefly introduce the concept of sustainable technology and its importance in today’s world.
  • Highlight the role of pumps in various applications and their potential impact on energy consumption and environmental footprint.
  • Introduce the Armstrong 4380 pump as a sustainable solution for fluid transfer needs.

2. The Need for Sustainable Pumping Solutions:

  • Discuss the challenges associated with traditional pumping systems, such as high energy consumption, maintenance requirements, and environmental impact.
  • Emphasize the growing need for more sustainable pumping solutions to address these challenges and meet increasing environmental regulations.

3. The Armstrong 4380 Pump: A Sustainable Solution:

  • Provide a detailed overview of the Armstrong 4380 pump, including its design features, operating principles, and key components.
  • Highlight the specific features that contribute to its sustainability, such as:
    • High-efficiency motors: Explain how the use of NEMA Premium efficiency motors reduces energy consumption and operating costs.
    • Optimized hydraulic design: Discuss how the pump’s design minimizes friction losses and improves overall system efficiency.
    • Variable speed capabilities: Explain how variable speed drives (VFDs) allow the pump to adjust its output to match system demand, further enhancing energy savings.
    • Compact design: Highlight the space-saving benefits of the vertical in-line design, which can also contribute to reduced material usage.

4. Benefits of the Armstrong 4380 Pump:

  • Quantify the benefits of using the 4380 pump in terms of:
    • Energy savings: Provide data and calculations demonstrating the potential energy savings compared to traditional pumping systems.
    • Cost reduction: Translate energy savings into actual cost savings, including operating costs and maintenance expenses.
    • Environmental impact: Calculate the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental benefits.
    • Improved performance: Discuss any improvements in system performance, such as increased flow rates, better pressure control, or enhanced reliability.

5. Applications and Case Studies:

  • Showcase real-world applications of the Armstrong 4380 pump in various sectors, such as:
    • Commercial buildings (HVAC systems)
    • Industrial facilities (process fluid transfer)
    • Municipal water and wastewater treatment
  • Include case studies that highlight the successful implementation of the 4380 pump and the positive results achieved in specific projects.

6. Conclusion:

  • Summarize the key features and benefits of the Armstrong 4380 pump as a sustainable technology.
  • Reiterate its value as a solution for organizations seeking to reduce their energy consumption, lower operating costs, and improve their environmental performance.

7. References:

  • List any sources or research materials cited in the white paper.

Technical Details and Supporting Data:

  • The white paper would include detailed technical specifications of the 4380 pump, such as performance curves, flow rates, head ranges, and motor specifications.
  • It would also provide supporting data and calculations to justify the claims made about energy savings, cost reduction, and environmental impact.

Visuals and Diagrams:

  • The white paper would be enhanced with visuals, such as:
    • Diagrams of the pump’s design and operation
    • Charts and graphs illustrating performance data and energy savings
    • Photos of real-world installations

By providing in-depth information and technical details, a white paper on the Armstrong 4380 pump would serve as a valuable resource for engineers, facility managers, and anyone interested in sustainable pumping solutions.

Industrial application of Sustainable technology of 4380 ?

The Armstrong 4380 pump, with its focus on efficiency and sustainability, finds wide applicability in various industrial settings. Here are some key industrial applications where this technology is particularly valuable:

1. Process Fluid Transfer:

  • Chemical Processing: In chemical plants, pumps are essential for transferring various fluids, including acids, alkalis, and other corrosive or hazardous liquids. The 4380 pump’s robust design and material compatibility make it suitable for these demanding applications.
  • Food and Beverage: In the food and beverage industry, pumps are used for transferring ingredients, processing fluids, and finished products. The 4380 pump’s hygienic design and ability to handle a range of viscosities make it suitable for these applications.
  • Pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceutical manufacturing requires precise and reliable fluid transfer for various processes. The 4380 pump’s accuracy and efficiency make it suitable for these critical applications.

2. HVAC and Temperature Control:

  • Industrial Cooling: Many industrial processes generate heat that needs to be dissipated. The 4380 pump can be used in cooling systems to circulate coolant and maintain optimal operating temperatures.
  • Heating and Ventilation: In industrial facilities, maintaining comfortable working conditions for employees is essential. The 4380 pump can be used in heating and ventilation systems to circulate hot or chilled water.

3. Water and Wastewater Management:

  • Water Treatment: Industrial facilities often require water treatment for various purposes, such as process water, cooling water, or wastewater discharge. The 4380 pump can be used in water treatment systems for pumping water through filters, membranes, and other treatment equipment.
  • Wastewater Treatment: Industrial wastewater often needs to be treated before it can be discharged. The 4380 pump can be used in wastewater treatment systems for transferring wastewater through various treatment stages.

4. Manufacturing and Production:

  • Pulp and Paper: In the pulp and paper industry, pumps are used for transferring pulp, chemicals, and other fluids involved in the papermaking process. The 4380 pump’s ability to handle viscous fluids and its robust design make it suitable for these demanding applications.
  • Metals and Mining: The metals and mining industry requires pumps for various applications, such as transferring slurries, pumping water for cooling, and managing wastewater. The 4380 pump’s durability and ability to handle abrasive materials make it suitable for these applications.

5. Other Industrial Applications:

  • Power Generation: Power plants use pumps for various purposes, including circulating cooling water, boiler feed water, and other fluids. The 4380 pump’s efficiency and reliability make it suitable for these demanding applications.
  • Oil and Gas: The oil and gas industry requires pumps for various applications, such as transferring crude oil, pumping drilling mud, and managing wastewater. The 4380 pump’s robust design and ability to handle harsh conditions make it suitable for these applications.

In all these industrial applications, the Armstrong 4380 pump offers several key benefits:

  • Energy efficiency: Its high-efficiency motors and optimized design contribute to significant energy savings, reducing operating costs and environmental impact.
  • Reliability: Its robust construction and high-quality components ensure reliable operation and minimize downtime.
  • Sustainability: Its focus on energy efficiency and reduced environmental footprint aligns with the growing emphasis on sustainable practices in industries.
  • Versatility: Its ability to handle a wide range of fluids and its adaptability to various system requirements make it suitable for diverse industrial applications.

By leveraging the Armstrong 4380 pump’s sustainable technology, industries can achieve significant improvements in efficiency, cost savings, and environmental performance.

Research and development of Sustainable technology of 4380 ?

The research and development (R&D) efforts surrounding sustainable technologies like the Armstrong 4380 pump are constantly evolving, driven by the need for increased efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and improved performance. Here are some key areas of focus in this ongoing R&D:

1. Advanced Materials:

  • High-strength, lightweight materials: Research is being conducted to develop new materials that are both strong and lightweight, allowing for the manufacturing of more efficient and durable pump components. This can include exploring advanced alloys, composites, and polymers.
  • Corrosion-resistant materials: Developing materials that are highly resistant to corrosion is crucial for extending the lifespan of pumps, especially in harsh industrial environments. This can involve investigating new coatings, surface treatments, and material compositions.

2. Enhanced Hydraulic Design:

  • Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): Advanced CFD techniques are being used to optimize the hydraulic design of pump impellers and casings, minimizing friction losses and improving overall pump efficiency.
  • Novel impeller designs: Research is exploring new impeller geometries and configurations to enhance pump performance, reduce noise and vibration, and improve the handling of different types of fluids.

3. Intelligent Controls and Automation:

  • Predictive maintenance: Developing sensors and algorithms that can predict potential pump failures and schedule maintenance proactively, reducing downtime and extending pump lifespan.
  • Smart pump systems: Integrating pumps with advanced control systems and IoT (Internet of Things) technologies to enable remote monitoring, optimization, and automation of pump operations.

4. Energy Efficiency Optimization:

  • Variable speed drives (VFDs): Research is focused on improving the efficiency and responsiveness of VFDs, allowing for more precise control of pump output and further energy savings.
  • Energy recovery systems: Exploring the potential of incorporating energy recovery systems into pump designs to capture and reuse energy that would otherwise be wasted.

5. Environmental Impact Reduction:

  • Life-cycle assessment: Conducting comprehensive life-cycle assessments to evaluate the environmental impact of pumps from manufacturing to disposal, identifying areas for improvement.
  • Sustainable manufacturing processes: Implementing more sustainable manufacturing practices to reduce the environmental footprint of pump production, including minimizing waste, using recycled materials, and reducing energy consumption.

6. Integration with Renewable Energy:

  • Solar-powered pumps: Developing pump systems that can be directly powered by solar energy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and enabling off-grid operation.
  • Integration with other renewable sources: Exploring ways to integrate pumps with other renewable energy sources, such as wind power or hydropower, to create sustainable and resilient energy systems.

Collaboration and Partnerships:

  • Industry-academia partnerships: Collaboration between pump manufacturers, research institutions, and universities is crucial for accelerating innovation in sustainable pump technology.
  • Government support: Government funding and incentives play a vital role in supporting research and development efforts in sustainable technologies.

By focusing on these key areas of R&D, the sustainable technology of pumps like the Armstrong 4380 can be further advanced, leading to more efficient, reliable, and environmentally responsible solutions for fluid transfer needs in various industries.

COURTESY : Tech Evaluate

References

[edit]

  1. ^ “about”www.csus.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  2. ^ “about”www.csus.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  3. ^ “A Multi-Trophic Sustainable Food Production System Integrating Aquaponics and Bio-Waste Recycling| Research Project Database | NCER | ORD | US EPA”cfpub.epa.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-08.
  4. ^ “Epicure Catering at Sacramento State”www.dining.csus.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-08.
  5. ^ “Dining Commons”www.dining.csus.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-08.
  6. ^ “A Multi-Trophic Sustainable Food Production System Integrating Aquaponics and Bio-Waste Recycling”cfpub.epa.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
  7. ^ “A Multi-Trophic Sustainable Food Production System Integrating Aquaponics and Bio-Waste Recycling| Research Project Database | NCER | ORD | US EPA”cfpub.epa.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-08.
  8. ^ “aquaponics”www.csus.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  9. ^ “Sac State Continues Tradition of a Green Campus” (Press release).
  10. ^ Biodiesel Benefits and Considerations
  11. ^ Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels
  12. Jump up to:a b Comparison of the performance and emissions of different biodiesel blends against petroleum diesel
  13. ^ Vermiculture, STORC
  14. ^ “CORNELL Composting – Compost Microorganisms”compost.css.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  15. ^ “How Composting Works”HowStuffWorks. 2001-04-02. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  16. ^ Moyle, Peter (2002). Inland Fishes of California. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  17. ^ Miller, Chris (2011). “Preliminary Report on Feed Trials of Sacramento Perch” (PDF). Fisheries Science.
  18. ^ Tilman, David; Balzer, Christian; Hill, Jason; Befort, Belinda L. (2011-12-13). “Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences108 (50): 20260–20264. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116437108ISSN 0027-8424PMC 3250154PMID 22106295.

Recommended HashTags

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Translate »